.border-red {border: 1px solid red;}
.border-blue {border: 1px solid blue;}
.border-green {border: 1px solid green;}
/* ###### TABs ###### */
/** {box-sizing: border-box}*/
/* Set height of body and the document to 100% */
body, html {
    min-height: 90%;
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    /*font-family: 'Playfair Display', Dosis, 'Karma', 'Open Sans', Arial, sans-serif;*/
    /*font-family: 'Karma', "Lora", 'Open Sans', "Roboto", "Segoe UI", "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;*/
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.2 !important;
    overflow-y: scroll;
}
.container-fluid {
    max-width: 1100px;
    font-size: .85rem;
    /*line-height: 1.2rem;*/
    font-family: "Lora", 'Karma', 'Open Sans', "Roboto", "Segoe UI", "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
    /*font-family: 'Open Sans', Roboto, 'Karma', "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;*/
    /*padding-bottom: 200px;*/
    color: #333333DD;
}
strong {
    font-weight: 600;
}
.topnav {
    padding: 15px 0;
    position: relative;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 3;
    overflow: hidden;
    background-color: white; /* needed for sticky top nave to cover content scrolling */
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-family: Ubuntu, sans-serif;
    max-width: 800px;
}
.topnav a:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
    /*background-color: darkred;*/
    color: white;
}
/* ##### beginning of dropdown CSS ##### */
.topnav div > a:first-child {
    padding-left: 0 !important;
}
.topnav div a, .topnav .dropdown .dropbtn {
    float: left;
    text-align: left;
    padding: 0 7px !important;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem !important;
}
.topnav > a:first-child {
    padding-left: 0 !important;
}
.topnav a:before {
    content: " ";
}
.topnav-brand {
    /*font-family: 'Gloria Hallelujah', 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;*/
    font-size: 1rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 700;
    /*padding-right: 5px !important;*/
    padding-left: 0;
    float: right; padding-right: 0;
}
.topnav-brand a:hover {
    /*font-family: 'Gloria Hallelujah', 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;*/
    /*font-size: 1rem;*/
    /*text-decoration: none;*/
    /*font-weight: 700;*/
    /*padding-right: 5px !important;*/
    /*padding-left: 0 !important;*/
    background-color: lightgrey;
}
.topnav-right {
    /*font-family: 'Poiret One', "Open Sans", sans-serif, monospace;*/
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    padding-top: 0;
    text-align: left;
    float: left;
}
.dropdown {
    /*float: left;*/
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block; /* dropdown-content will move away without this */
    /*overflow: hidden;*/
}
.dropdown-content {
    /*height: auto;*/
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    background-color: #BBBBBB;
    min-width: 120px;
    box-shadow: 10px 8px 16px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    /*color: #e8e8e8;*/
    /*opacity: 0.9;*/
    padding: 6px 0;
    border-radius: 3px;
    /*z-index: 1;*/
}
.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {
    /*color: #000000;*/
    /*font-weight: 700;*/
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    /*top: auto;*/
}
.dropdown-content a {
    /*float: none;*/
    color: white;
    /*background-color: #999999;*/
    /*padding: 16px 0;*/
    /*text-decoration: none;*/
    /*display: block;*/
    margin: 4px 0;
    /*text-align: left;*/
}
.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {
    display: block;
}
.dropdown-content a:hover {
    color: white !important;
    display: block;
}
.dropdown-divider {
    color: #e8e8e8;
    border: none;
}
/* Top Navigation Bar */
.topnav a {
    float: left;
    display: block;
    color: #504f4f;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    text-decoration: none;
    /*font-size: 17px;*/
}
.topnav a.icon { /*a with icon class*/
    display: none; /* the three line icon */
}
#myTopnav a:active {
    color: #F8F8F8;
    background-color: black;
}
#myTopnav a:hover {
    /* background: gray; */
    /* color: white !important; */
    /*font-weight: bold;*/
    /* transition: 0.5s; */
    /* border-radius: 5px; */
    /* padding: 0 2px 0 2px !important; */
    /* margin: 0 5px 0 2px !important; */
}
#myTopnav {
    /*line-height: 1.2rem;*/
    margin: 3px 0 auto 0;
    padding: 3px 3px 3px 0;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-family: "Roboto", 'Karma', "Lora", 'Open Sans', "Segoe UI", "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
}
#cards.grid-container {
    display: grid;
    /*grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr!important;*/
    /*grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr !important;*/
    grid-template-rows: auto;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    max-width: 800px;
}
@media (max-width: 975px) {
    #cards.grid-container.align {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr !important;
    }
}
@media (max-width: 775px) {
    .topnav {
        display: block;
        padding-bottom: 5px;
        position: static;
    }
    .topnav a:not(:first-child) {display: none;}
    /*.topnav a {display: none}*/
    .topnav a.icon {
        display: block;
        position: absolute;
        float: right;
        right: 8px;
        top: 10px;
    }
}
@media (max-width: 775px) {
    .topnav.responsive {
        position: relative;
        /*background-color: red;*/
    }
    .topnav.responsive a.icon {
        position: absolute;
        right: 10px;
        float: right;
        /*display: block;*/
        top: 10px;
    }
    .topnav.responsive a {
        float: none;
        display: inline-block;
        text-align: right !important;
        padding: 0 5px 5px 0 !important;
    }
    /*.topnav a {*/
    /*    padding: 0;*/
    /*}*/
    /*.topnav a:first-child {*/
    /*    margin-top: 15px;*/
    /*}*/
    .grid-container {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns:  1fr;
    }
}
/* ##### end of dropdown CSS ##### */
/* ##### teaching tabs*/
.w3-bar .w3-button {
    white-space: normal;
}
.w3-bar .w3-bar-item {
    padding: 8px 16px;
    float: left;
    width: auto;
    border: none;
    display: block;
    outline: 0;
}
/* ##### end of teaching tabs*/
#footer-wrapper {
    /*text-align : center;*/
    /*margin: 0 auto;*/
    /*width: 100%;*/
    /*position: fixed; !* Make it stick/fixed *!*/
    /*position: absolute;*/
    bottom: 0;
    /*transition: top 0.3s; !* Transition effect when sliding down (and up) *!*/
    /*border: 1px solid red*/
    /*position: relative;*/
    /*height: 3rem;*/
    background-color: white;
}
.footer {
    /*display: flex;*/
    /*align-items: flex-end;*/
    /*flex-direction: column;*/
    /*justify-content: flex-end;*/
    /*margin-bottom: 0;*/
    /*clear: both;*/
    /*vertical-align: bottom;*/
    position: fixed;
    /*position: absolute;*/
    bottom: 0;
    /*padding: 35px 0 30px 0;*/
    /*width: 100%;*/
    /*width: 90%; */
    /*max-width: 900px;*/
    /*height: 2.5rem;*/
    /*margin: 0 auto;*/
    /*display: grid;*/
    grid-template-columns: 2fr 5fr;
    /*justify-content: space-evenly;*/
    /*font-size: 12px;*/
    /*column-gap: 12px;*/
    /*row-gap: 12px;*/
    /*color: #878787;*/
    /*background-color: blue;*/
    /*text-align: center;*/
}
.copyleft {
    display: inline-block;
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}
.header-sub {
    position: relative;
    display: block;
    line-height: normal;
    padding: 2px;
    margin: 2px;
}
.hide {
    /*visibility: hidden;*/
    display: none;
}
.invisible {
    visibility: hidden;
}
.paragraph {
    /*line-height: 1.2em;*/
    /*padding: 0 0 5px 0;*/
    /*font-size: .75rem;*/
}
#courses .paragraph {
    /*line-height: 1.2em;*/
    padding: 0 0 5px 0;
    /*font-size: .75rem;*/
}
#courses ol, #courses ul {
    /*list-style: none;*/
    margin: 5px 0 0 0;
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
    /*padding-left: 0;*/
    /*color: lightgray;*/
    content: '- ';
}
/*#courses .paragraph > ol > li:before, ul > li:before {*/
/*padding-left: 1.25rem;*/
/*color: lightgray;*/
/*content: '- ';*/
/*font-size: .5rem;*/
/*}*/
.row {margin: 1em 0;}
.one-fourth.column { width: 23.5%; }
.one-half.column { width: 49%; }
.three-fourths.column { width: 74.5%; }
.tychen_wrapper .grid-container {
    color: #757575;
    /*line-height: 1.5em;*/
    text-transform: none;
    letter-spacing: 0;
    font-size: .8rem;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 400;
    /*font-family: 'Karma', 'Open Sans', "Roboto", "Segoe UI", "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;*/
    font-family: "Roboto", "Segoe UI", "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
    margin: 0 auto;
    /*padding: 0 0 5rem 0;*/
    max-width: 800px;
    width: 95%;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2fr 5fr;
    row-gap: 4px;
    column-gap: 12px;
    bottom: 5rem;
    /*position: fixed;*/
    z-index: auto;
}
.tychen_wrapper:after {
    .grid-wrapper {
        max-width: 800px;
    }
}
.tychen_wrapper::after {
    /*grid-template-columns: 2fr 5fr;*/
    padding-top: 5rem;
    /*content: "©" attr(data-date) "2024 tychen";*/
    content: "(ↄ)2025 tychen";
    /*!*position: fixed;*!*/
    /*position: absolute;*/
    /*right: 10rem;*/
    /*!*color: red;*!*/
    /*font-width: inherit;*/
    /*font-size: inherit;*/
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    /*font-weight: 400;*/
    /*!*grid-template-columns: 2fr 5fr;*!*/
    /*!*grid-auto-columns: auto;*!*/
    color: #757575;
    /*line-height: 1.5em;*/
    /*text-transform: none;*/
    /*letter-spacing: 0;*/
    /*font-size: .9rem;*/
    /*font-style: normal;*/
    /*font-weight: 400;*/
    margin: 0 auto;
    /*padding: 0 0 5rem 0;*/
    max-width: 1000px;
    width: 95%;
    display: grid;
    /*row-gap: 4px;*/
    /*column-gap: 12px;*/
    padding-bottom: 3rem;
    text-align: right;
    font-family: 'Karma', "Lora", 'Open Sans', "Roboto", "Segoe UI", "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;
}
.cv.grid-container ul li::before {
    color: #BBBBBB;
    display: inline;
    text-indent: 30px;
    margin-left: -10px;
    content: '- ';
}
.grid-container > div {
    padding: 0;
    /*margin: 5px 0 0 0;*/
    /*background-color: transparent !important;*/
    /*align-content: center;*/
    /*line-height: 1.2rem;*/
}
.grid-container > div:nth-child(odd) {
    /*margin-bottom: 3px;*/
    line-height: 1.2rem;
    /*float: right;*/
    text-align: right;
    /*grid-auto-rows: minmax(min-content, max-content);*/
    /*background-color: #04AA6D;*/
}
.grid-container .title {
    display: inline;
}
.cv .institute {
    display: inline;
}
.cv .institute:before {
    content: ' ';
    display: block;
}
.cv .institute:after {
    content: ',';
}
.cv .remark {
    display: inline;
    /*position: absolute;*/
}
.cv .location {
    display: inline;
    /*text-decoration: none;*/
}
.cv .bullets {
    list-style: none; /* Remove default bullets */
    /*margin-left: -39px;*/ /* for Karma */
    /*margin-left: -37px; !* for Roboto *!*/
    margin-bottom: 1px !important;
    margin-top: 1px !important;
    /*	phew!!!!! */
    /*text-indent: -1em;*/
    /*padding-left: 1em;*/
    padding-left: 0;
    text-indent: 3px;
}
/*.cv .bullets ul {*/
/*    list-style-position: outside;*/
/*}*/
.cv a:link {
    text-decoration: none !important;
    /*color: #333333;*/
    /*padding: 0;*/
}
.cv a {
    display: inline;
    /*position: relative;*/
    text-decoration: none;
    /*opacity: 0.5;*/
    padding: 0;
    color: #BBBBBB !important;
}
.cv a:before {
    content: "@" !important;
}
.cv .funded:after {
    content: "*" !important;
}
.heading_page {
    overflow: hidden;
    display: block;
    margin: 5px 0 5px 0;
    padding: 5px 0 0 0;
    font-size: 1rem;
    /*color: #8d6e63;*/
    color: darkgreen;
    font-weight: 900;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-family: "Roboto", Ubuntu, sans-serif;
}
.heading_section {
    overflow: hidden;
    display: block;
    margin: 12px 0 0 0;
    margin: 1.2rem 0 0 0;
    /*padding: 5px 0 0 0;*/
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #222222;
    background-image: linear-gradient(to right, #F5F5F5, white);
    font-family: "Roboto", Ubuntu, sans-serif;
}
.heading_section2 {
    overflow: hidden;
    display: block;
    margin: 5px 0 0 0;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: .8rem 0 0 0;
    color: #333333;
    font-weight: 700;
}
.list_entry {
    display: inline;
    /*padding-left: -250px;*/
}
.publication {
    /*padding: 3px 20px 3px 8em;*/
    /*text-indent: -20%;*/
}
.fas, .fa-caret-down {
    color: #999999;
}
/* Style tab links */
.tablink {
    /*background-color: #999999;*/
    /*color: white;*/
    /*float: left;*/
    border: 1px solid #EEEEEE !important;
    border-top-left-radius: 5px;
    border-top-right-radius: 5px;
    /*outline: none;*/
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 5px !important;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin: 0 15px 0 2px;
    /*width: 25%;*/
    width: 10%;
    float: right;
    text-align: center;
    /*border-bottom: 1px solid black;*/
    background-color: transparent;
    text-transform: capitalize;
}
.active, .tablink:hover {
    background-color: #999999;
    color: green;
}
/*#personal_info > div > a {*/ /* */
/*    color: darkred;*/
/*    text-decoration: none;*/
/*    background-color: transparent;*/
/*}*/
#contact_info span a {
/*#contact_info {*/
    font-size: 10px;
    line-height: 1rem !important;
    text-transform: none;
    padding: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    display: inline;
    margin: 0;
    color: #757575;
    font-weight: normal;
    /*font-family: Ubuntu, sans-serif;*/
    /*font-family: 'Karma', "Lora", 'Open Sans', "Roboto", "Segoe UI", "Helvetica", Arial, sans-serif;*/
}
/*#personal_info div a:hover {*/
/*color: darkred;*/
/*font-size: 0.5rem;*/
/*text-decoration: none;*/
/*background-color: transparent;*/
/*}*/
/* Style the tab content (and add height:100% for full page content) */
.tabcontent {
    /*color: black;*/
    /*display: none;*/
    padding: 50px 10px;
    /*height: 100%;*/
    border: 1px solid purple;
    display: block;
}
.fa-caret-down, .fas {
    font-size: .5em;
    color: #EEEEEE
}
a:link {
    color: #555555;
    background-color: transparent;
    text-decoration: none;
}
a:visited {
    color: #555555;
    background-color: transparent;
    text-decoration: none;
}
a:active {
    color: darkgreen;
    background-color: transparent;
    text-decoration: none;
}
.bold {
    color: #333333;
    font-weight: 600;
    /*font-size: 1rem;*/
}
/* Tooltip container */
.tooltips {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    /*border-bottom: 1px dotted black; !* If you want dots under the hoverable text *!*/
}
/* Tooltip text */
.tooltips .tooltiptext {
    visibility: hidden;
    width: fit-content;
    white-space: nowrap;
    top: 135%;
    left: 50%;
    margin-left: -70px;
    background-color: #EEEEEE;
    color: #888888;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 3px 6px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    /* Position the tooltip text - see examples below! */
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 1;
}
.tooltips .tooltiptext::after {
    content: " ";
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 100%; /* At the top of the tooltip */
    left: 50%;
    margin-left: -5px;
    border-width: 5px;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: transparent transparent #EEEEEE transparent;
}
/* Show the tooltip text when you mouse over the tooltip container */
.tooltips:hover .tooltiptext {
    /*visibility: visible;*/
    visibility: hidden;
}
a:hover {
    text-decoration: none !important;
    background-color: #aaaaaa;
    color: white !important;
    border-radius: 3px;
    align-content: center !important;
    /*padding: 1px 0 1px 0 !important;*/
    /*font-size: 0.5rem;*/
    transition: 0.5s;
}
.keywords {
    margin-top: 5px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #b3b3b3;
}
#courses .notes, .notes * {
    color: #b3b3b3 !important;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}
.keywords::before {
    content: 'Keywords: ';
}

#course_summary tr.detail_list td {
    padding: 0 5px;
}
.kl_panel_heading {
    margin-top: 10px !important;
    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
    /*background-color: red!important;*/
}
p {
    /*margin: 0.4rem 0;*/
    /*background-color: green!important;*/
}
#kl_wrapper_3.kl_flat_sections_main h4, #kl_wrapper_3.kl_flat_sections h4 {
    margin-top: 10px !important;
    margin-bottom: 0!important;
}
#kl_wrapper_3.kl_flat_sections > div, #kl_wrapper_3.kl_flat_sections_main > div {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.4rem;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 500px) {
    .off-sm-12, .col-sm-12, .off-sm-11, .col-sm-11, .off-sm-10, .col-sm-10, .off-sm-9, .col-sm-9, .off-sm-8, .col-sm-8, .off-sm-7, .col-sm-7, .off-sm-6, .col-sm-6, .off-sm-5, .col-sm-5, .off-sm-4, .col-sm-4, .off-sm-3, .col-sm-3, .off-sm-2, .col-sm-2, .off-sm-1, .col-sm-1, .col-sm {
        padding-left: 6px;
        padding-right: 6px;
    }
}